Adjectives describe nouns: they tell you what something is like. Examples are "mooi" (beautiful), "leuk" (nice), "klein" (small), and "groot" (big). In Dutch, the adjective can change depending on where it appears in the sentence.
If the adjective comes before the noun, you usually add -e: de mooie tas, het kleine meisje, een mooie tas. The main exception is een + singular het-word, where the adjective stays in its base form: een klein meisje.
If the adjective is used after the noun (usually with a verb like "is"), it does not change: "De tas is mooi." Compare that with before the noun: "de mooie tas."
| Combination | Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
| de + adj + noun | + e | de duure fiets |
| het + adj + noun | + e | het groote huis |
| een + adj + de noun | + e | een nieuwe jas |
| een + adj + het noun ⚠️ | NO -e | een nieuw huis |
When you add -e to an adjective, spelling may adjust to keep the same pronunciation. Use the patterns below as a pronunciation guide:
| Pattern | What happens | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Short vowel | Double the final consonant | nat → natte |
| Long double vowel | Drop one vowel letter | groot → grote |
| Diphthong (ou, ei, ui…) | No change | blauw → blauwe |
| Unstressed ending | No change | aardig → aardige |
| Ends on -f | Change f → v | lief → lieve |
| Ends on -s | Change s → z | grijs → grijze |
| Short vowel + f or s | Double consonant (no v/z change) | fris → frisse |
Choose one activity below. Quizzes focus on adjective endings and spelling patterns.
Pick the correct adjective form for each phrase.
Drag words into the right order: article, adjective, noun.
Choose the correct written form when adding -e.