Articles are small words that come before nouns. Nouns are words for people, places, things, or ideas. In Dutch, there are three articles in total: two definite articles and one indefinite article.
"De" and "het" are definite. We use them when we mean a specific thing. For example, "de auto" means a particular car. "Een" is indefinite, so it means "a/an" and usually refers to any one thing: "een auto."
The hardest part is choosing between "de" and "het." There is no single perfect rule for every noun, but the three guidelines below will help you with most common words:
| Definite (specific) | Indefinite (any) | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| de-word | de |
een |
de auto / een auto |
| het-word | het |
een |
het huis / een huis |
| plural (all) | de |
— (none) | de huizen, de auto's |
| Rule | Article | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Rule 1: For people or animals we use | de | de vader, de leraar, de buurvrouw, de hond, de kat Exceptions: het kind, het meisje Exceptions: the child, the girl |
| Rule 2: For plural forms we always use | de | het boek → de boeken, het dorp → de dorpen |
| Rule 3: For diminutives (-je) we use | het | de auto → het autootje, de bloem → het bloemetje But if the diminutive is plural, we use "de" again: het autootje → de autootjes If plural: the small car → the small cars |
Practice articles with vocabulary from Lessons 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Pick the correct article for the noun in context.
Choose the correct article for plural nouns.
Fix article mistakes in short phrases.