A1 → A2 WORKBOOK LESSON 2 / 17
Dutch Reflexive Verbs: Me, Je, Zich and Ons
One idea at a time. Read, listen, then make it yours.
The essentials
A reflexive verb comes with a small pronoun that points back to the subject: zich voelen (to feel), zich haasten (to hurry). In the dictionary you see zich; in a sentence it changes with the subject: ik voel me, wij voelen ons.
Core rule: only four forms to learn. me for ik, je for jij and jullie, ons for wij, and zich for everyone else: u, hij, zij, het and plural zij.
| Subject | Pronoun | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ik | me | Ik voel me goed. |
| jij / je | je | Voel jij je beter? |
| u | zich | Voelt u zich goed? |
| hij / zij / het | zich | Hij haast zich naar het station. |
| wij / we | ons | Wij haasten ons naar school. |
| jullie | je | Jullie vervelen je nooit. |
| zij / ze (they) | zich | De kinderen kleden zich aan. |
Everyday Reflexive Verbs
Many of these are not reflexive in English. "I hurry" becomes ik haast me, "I am mistaken" becomes ik vergis me. Learn the verb together with its zich, the way the dictionary lists it.
| Verb | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| zich voelen | to feel | Ik voel me vandaag niet lekker. |
| zich haasten | to hurry | We moeten ons haasten! |
| zich vergissen | to be mistaken | Sorry, ik vergis me. |
| zich verslapen | to oversleep | Hij verslaapt zich bijna nooit. |
| zich aankleden | to get dressed | Ik kleed me snel aan. |
| zich wassen | to wash (yourself) | De kinderen wassen zich voor het eten. |
| zich vervelen | to be bored | Verveel jij je? |
| zich herinneren | to remember | Herinner je je mijn naam nog? |
| zich zorgen maken | to worry | Ik maak me zorgen over mijn examen. |
| zich voorstellen | to introduce yourself | Mag ik me even voorstellen? |
Where the Reflexive Pronoun Goes
The pronoun stays close to the verb and the subject. In a normal sentence it comes right after the conjugated verb. When the verb and the subject swap places, it comes right after the subject. And it always comes before niet.
| Sentence type | Example |
|---|---|
| Normal order | Ik voel me moe. |
| Time first (inversion) | Vandaag voel ik me moe. |
| Yes/no question | Voel je je beter? |
| With niet | Ik voel me niet goed. |
| With a modal | Wij moeten ons haasten. |
| Separable and reflexive | Om zeven uur kleed ik me aan. |
| Separable, with a modal | Ik moet me nog aankleden. |
How to Actually Use Reflexive Verbs
Think of the reflexive pronoun as glued to the subject. Whoever does the action also gets the pronoun: ik → me, wij → ons. Once you have picked the subject, the pronoun is decided; all you need to remember is which verbs take one.
When you want extra emphasis, or with a verb that is not normally reflexive, Dutch adds -zelf: mezelf, jezelf, zichzelf, onszelf. Ik zie mezelf in de spiegel (I see myself in the mirror).
Mistakes English Speakers Make
English mostly leaves the pronoun out ("I feel good", "we hurry"), so these are the slips English speakers make most.
✗ Ik voel goed.
✓ Ik voel me goed.
To say how you feel, voelen needs its reflexive pronoun.
✗ Wij haasten zich.
✓ Wij haasten ons.
Zich is only for u, hij, zij, het and plural zij. Wij takes ons.
✗ Vandaag ik voel me moe.
✓ Vandaag voel ik me moe.
A time word first still sends the verb to second place; the pronoun follows the subject.
✗ Ik voel niet me goed.
✓ Ik voel me niet goed.
The reflexive pronoun comes before niet.
A2 Lesson 2 Practice
Choose one activity below. Questions reuse words from the A1 course and A2 lessons 1 to 2.
Option 1: Choose The Reflexive Pronoun
Look at the subject, then pick the pronoun that belongs to it.
Option 2: Build The Sentence
The pronoun follows the verb, or the subject after inversion, and comes before niet.
Option 3: Type The Missing Pronoun
One word: me, je, zich or ons.